The first HIV case in Estonia was diagnosed in 1988, and since then a total of 9,263 HIV cases have been reported. The rate of newly diagnosed cases of HIV has decreased over the last decade (from 46.0 cases per 100,000 in 2005 to 20.5 cases in 2015), but it has been quite stable in the last few years (25 cases per 100,000 in 2013 and 23 cases in 1 2014) . Hetero- and homosexual transmission has increased as well as the proportion of cases among people older than 34 years.